Great iron skeleton vaults were constructed as a framework for light materials such as glass ( Crystal Palace, London). The next important development in vaults, as in arches, came with 19th-century materials. Thus, the vault could be composed of the intersection of two vaults of different widths but the same height. To cover the rectangular areas, the medieval mason used pointed arches, which, unlike round arches, can be raised as high over a short span as over a long one. The rib vault provided a skeleton of arches or ribs along the sides of the area and crossing it diagonally on these the masonry of the vault could be laid a simple centring sufficed for the ribs. First, to build a groin vault, a form must be made to pour or lay the entire vault, and this requires complex scaffolding from the ground up second, the groin vault must be more or less square, and a single vault cannot span extended rectangular areas. Two disadvantages of the groin vault encouraged Gothic builders to develop a modification known as the rib vault. This vault has the additional advantage that its thrusts are concentrated at the four corners, so that the supporting walls need not be uniformly massive but may be buttressed where they support the vault.
#Barrel vault series#
This is a disadvantage, since it inhibits light and circulation.īut Roman builders discovered that openings could be made by building two barrel vaults that intersected at right angles to form the groin vault, which is square in plan and may be repeated in series to span rectangular areas of unlimited length. Since the barrel vault exerts thrust as the arch does, it must be buttressed along its entire length by heavy walls in which openings must be limited in size and number. The evolution of the vault begins with the discovery of the arch, because the basic “barrel” form, which appeared first in ancient Egypt and the Near East, is simply a deep, or three-dimensional, arch.
#Barrel vault how to#
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